In principle, a court judgement is final. But what if it subsequently becomes apparent that the opposing party lied during the proceedings, used forged documents or withheld crucial information? In such cases, Dutch procedural law provides a special legal remedy: revocation. This is one of the few ways in which an irrevocable judgement or order […]

A judge may be recused if there are facts or circumstances that could compromise their impartiality. This does not only apply to situations in which the judge is actually biased. Even the appearance of partiality may be sufficient. However, the bar is set high: the fear of bias must be objectively justified. What is recusal? […]

The Council of the European Union has now adopted its 20th sanctions package against Russia, continuing the EU’s steady shift from economic restrictions to more targeted tools aimed at anti-circumvention and legal protection for EU operators. As with earlier packages, the stated objective is twofold: to increase pressure on revenue critical and war supporting sectors, […]

If a director or owner of several companies carries out a restructuring with the aim of evading the enforceability of debts, they may be held personally liable. It makes no difference whether they carry out the restructuring directly themselves or have it carried out via their other companies. In both cases, they may be liable […]

The EU’s 19th sanctions package marks a further shift from headline measures to enforceable market disruption, with a particular focus on energy revenues, financial infrastructure, and the “systems” that enable circumvention. It combines (i) the EU’s first LNG import ban, (ii) additional shadow-fleet designations and maritime enforcement tools, (iii) tightened restrictions on key Russian energy […]

On July 18 2025,  the EU unveiled its 18th package of sanctions against Russia, described as one of the most far-reaching yet. With measures ramping up pressure on the Russian energy, banking, and defense sectors.   But, what do these measures mean in practice?  Our interdisciplinary team of sanctions and litigation experts has taken a closer look. In this focused […]